Global Warming

Global warming is the long-term, human-driven rise in Earth’s average surface temperature. It is primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels, which releases greenhouse gases—like carbon dioxide and methane—that trap heat in the atmosphere. This warming leads to severe consequences, including rising sea levels, melting ice, and extreme weather.

Plant Biodiversity

Tropical and temperate plants differ drastically in species richness, growth structures, and environmental adaptations. Tropical ecosystems cover less than 2% of the Earth’s surface but harbor an estimated 50% of all terrestrial plant species. The contrasting biodiversity and ecological structures define the two regions.

Illustration showing tropical plants like palm tree, monstera, orchids on left and temperate plants like maple, oak, hydrangea on right with a river dividing habitats

Earth surrounded by diverse animals including panda, polar bear, rhinoceros, orangutan, tiger, sea turtle, shark, gorilla, and others

Endangered Species

Over 49,500 species are currently threatened with extinction worldwide, representing roughly 28% of all assessed species on the IUCN Red List. The primary drivers of this crisis include habitat destruction, climate change, and poaching.